What is Civil Disobedience

Definition: Civil disobedience is the public act of willfully disobeying the law and/or the commands of an authority figure, to make a political statement. Participants expect to be arrested, and are frequently charged with crimes such as trespass, failure to disperse, or failure to obey an officer. Civil disobedience is generally understood to be nonviolent, although some have argued that violent acts can also be considered a form of civil disobedience. The purpose of civil disobedience is to convey a political message, which is accomplished through increased media coverage of the issue. Also, if the law broken is the law being protested, it sends the message to authority figures that people consider the law so unjust, they are willing to openly disobey it. An example of this is Rosa Parks refusal to give up her seat on a city bus to a white person, as was required by law in 1955 in Montgomery, Alabama. Another purpose can be the disruption of the organization being protested. In the United States, common types of civil disobedience include staging a sit-in at a government or corporate office, blocking traffic or doorways, or merely being in a location where the person is not allowed to be. Famous advocates of civil disobedience include Martin Luther King, Mohandas Gandhi and Henry David Thoreau. In Animal Rights Within the animal rights movement, activists have staged peaceful sit-ins, chained themselves to barricades and trespassed in order to film undercover videos. While traditional protests are legal and protected by the First Amendment, disruptive activities such as blocking doorways or driveways are illegal and are a form of civil disobedience. Also Known As: Nonviolent resistance Examples: The protest will include an act of civil disobedience, and arrests are expected.

Malcolm X The Rhetorical Analysis Of Malcom Xs Speech

In New York City on March 22, 1964, Malcolm X delivered his speech, â€Å"The Ballot or the Bullet.† Malcolm X, a minister of the Nation of Islam, and a revolutionary advocate of nationalism in the black community, imparted this speech with the intent to reach the black population in a time of change. The adept use of ethos, pathos, and logos to build and maintain a compelling argument, brings about a call to action and firmly conveys his ideas within the black community. Within ethos, pathos, and logos, the implication of elevated language, loaded words, and logical statements, attains a sense of credibility, assurance, and cogency. To begin, Malcolm X’s speech detailing his his political views on black nationalism, the hypocrisy of†¦show more content†¦Additionally, Malcolm X uses a plethora of loaded words in his speech in order to appeal to the audiences sense of emotions. One example of this is when Malcolm X says that the â€Å"government of Portugal began to trample upon the rights of our brothers and sisters in Angola† (par 12). The use of the loaded word â€Å"trample†, specifically, demonstrates the power and significance of the oppressive governmental actions taken upon the (black) people of Angola, as well as the mass ethnic-destruction exhibited in Angola; which subsequently gives his speech equal power felt by the audience because they can relate to the issue to a large degree. In fact, the use of the word in this context not only allows the audience to recognize the importance of equal rights, but it also creates a sense of pathos in the audience, which ultimately crea tes a sense of believability and camaraderie between them and Malcolm X. A further demonstration of engaging the audience’s emotions is depicted in the beginning of the speech when Malcolm X explains, â€Å"The community in which you live becomes a slum. It becomes a ghetto. The conditions become run-down, and then you have the audacity to complain about poor housing and a run-down community. Why, youShow MoreRelatedMalcolm Xs Speech : The Rhetorical Analysis Of Malcom X843 Words   |  4 Pages1964 Malcolm X gave one of the most iconic speeches of all time. Malcolm gave this speech at the â€Å"Cory Methodist Church† where he spoke out about the politics of voting for African Americans. Malcolm X advised that African Americans should vote, however if prejudice continued and the government continued to prevent blacks from being completely equal that African Americans would have to use more violent tactics. This speech is great for a number of reasons and one of these reasons is Malcolm X’s useRead MoreMalcom X And The Civil Rights Movement1105 Words   |  5 PagesFahad Algarni Ms. Kristi Brock ENG 101- College Writing (WC) 15 July 2015 Analysis of Ballot or Bullet On 3rd April 1964, Malcom X addressed the Negro community assembled in Cleveland over the controversial issue of the civil rights movement. â€Å"The Ballot or the Bullet† speech of Malcom X can be considered as a direct response to â€Å"I have a Dream† speech of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Malcom X and Dr. Martin were taking a stand for the true freedom of the same community but with a diagonally opposite

20s And 30s Essay Example For Students

20s And 30s Essay When many people study history and learn the mistakes from the past, it would be easier to able to understand the present. Nevertheless, it is not enough to simply study the events that have transpired. By changing the unfavorable events that led to despair and continuing the benefits to society, one can understand why they happen and better the future. In the United States in the early 1920s, a new stage appeared with different movements in the areas of politics, economics, society, culture, and foreign policy. By the events that led to the 1930s, new crazes had developed in many of these areas, while other areas remained in continuity. From the 1920s to the 1930, there were several factors that contributed to the changes in American society. The 1920s began shortly after in World War I when the United States and the Allies defeated the Germans in 1918. Many Americans were fed up with Woodrow Wilson, the 28th president from 1913 to 1921. The first election of the 1920s scoured Repub lican Warren G. Harding against Democrat James M. Cox. Cox supported Wilson and the League of Nations in the election. However, Harding won the election in a landslide, which was a sign of Americas frustration with Wilson and his optimistic and liberal policies. The start of the new conservative era restored the power to the Republicans after the presidential election of the 1920. Harding made quite a few excellent appointments to his cabinet although he failed to demonstrate to have much intelligence. Charles Evans Hughes was appointed to be the Secretary of State, Andrew W. Mellon appointed as the Secretary of the Treasury and as leader of the Commerce Department, and Herbert Hoover bumped up the 1920s to a new level. On the other hand, Harding also appointed some of the worst positions for office. He appointed Albert B. Fall as the Secretary of the Interior. The Teapot Dome Scandal or the Oil Reserves Scandal Simon, 3/8/00 surrounded the secret leasing of the federal oil reserves by Fall. He secretly granted the Mammoth Oil Company exclusive rights to the Teapot Dome reserves in Wyoming after President Harding transferred supervision of the naval oil reserve lands from the navy to him. While this scandal entered American politics as a symbol of governmental corruption, it had little long-term effect on the Republican Party. For the moment, Harding started the conservative trend of politics in the 1920s. Harding died during before he could finish his presidency in 1923, and Vice President Calvin Coolidge took the office as President. He conveyed the virtues of morality, honesty, and economy to the presidency. Coolidge was very tacit turn. Coolidge followed the remaining of Hardings hands-off policies and was reelected in the 1924 election. The United States had one of the greatest periods of prosperity ever during his presidency from 1923 to 1929. When Coolidge decided not to run again in the 1928 election, the Republican nomination went to Herbert Hoover who easily won the job as the new President. Because he was a self-made millionaire, Hoover was not quite as conservative as Harding or Coolidge. Conversely, many historians believe that if the Depression had not occurred he would probably have been a good president. Later, Americans detested Hoover because he failed to solve the nations troubles out of the Depression. The United States embraced a laissez-faire policy in the economy during the 1920s. In Hardings hands off policy, the government did not intervene with peoples businesses and helped them profit. Anti-trust laws were avoided, and the United States was in debt from the first Great War. The Secretary of Treasury, Mellon, tremendously reduced taxes, which moved the economy because there was more money to spend. Eventually, the United States profited in more money to pay off the enormous debt. The United States also enforced a large tariff that would encourage Americans to buy domestic products instead of buying imported goods from foreign nations. Great technological advances were also made in the 1920s. Inventions such as cars and radios improved the standard for the common man. These inventions as well as the conservative economic policies added to a huge economic boom. The economy experienced growth of 7 to 10 percent for six years of the 1920s. Later, many of the economic procedures in the decade would lead to danger especially in the stock market. The nations total income rose from $74.3 billion in 1923 to $89 billion in 1929. However, the rewards of the Coolidge Prosperity of the 1920s were not shared evenly among all Americans. In 1929, the top 0.1 percentages of Americans had a combined income equal to the bottom 42%. That same top 0.1 percentages of Americans in 1929 controlled 34% of all savings, while 80% of Americans had no savings at all. Wages increased at a rate one fourth as fast as productivity increased. As production costs fell quickly, wages rose slowly, and prices remained constant, the bulk benefit of the increased productivity went into corporate profits. loose translation from Simon, 3/14/00 Also, everybody was buying on margin, a certain percentage for a share that would eventually gain or lose money more than paid for. Millions had lost much money to pay off their debts and were unemployed. The Great Depression was the worst economic decline ever in U.S. history. It began in late 1929 and lasted about a decade. Through A Narrow Chink: An Ethical Dilemma EssayPresident Roosevelt started the New Deal Program that was sparked by three Rs: relief, recovery, and reform. Within his first hundred days, he had passed a great number of bills like the abandonment of the gold standard, the federal Emergency Relief Act, and the creation of Public Works Administration, the National Recovery Administration, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. During his first term, the New Deal had little direction and was not very liberal until later. He supported the unions and workers, while alienating the rich. He passed laws such as Social Security and a bill to give farmers subsidies. He also passed the Wagner Act, which protected workers rights to form unions and to collective bargaining. At this moment in time, the New Deal resolved many problems in America, but it was not all a success. It did not lift the United States out of Depression. It is often criticized for having no direction Simon, 4/1/00, but it might have saved the United States from communism. Roosevelt has been called a genius of co-optationSimon, 4/1/00 because he borrowed others radical ideas and made them into his own conventional ideas. He created so many government agencies, which took over much of the private sector. Socially, America returned to tradition in the 1930s in continuity. Many Americans felt that the depression of the 1930s served as Gods punishment for the sinning of the 1920s. Women were placed to stay at home and were forced out of jobs so men could take them have those opportunities. Unemployment reached an all-time high. Society became more conservative because there was less leisure time available. There were also fewer pretensions in the 1930s. For example, prohibition was repe aled with the 21st Amendment in 1933, much to the joy of many Americans. It was repealed for two reasons. One, people had decided that the negative aspects out weighed the positive, and two, the country was entering the Great Depression. It was thought that producing and selling alcohol would create more jobs and help boost the economy. In the 1930s there was less of a divide between high culture and pop culture. Writers now focused on the concern for the common man and the need for men to unite together for the common good. Some of the most famous writers in the 1930s were John Steinbeck, John Dos Passos, and James T. Farrell while F. Scott Fitzgerald faded away. Ernest Hemmingway changed his style and remained popular. Art, commissioned by the New Deal, tended to be more realistic. Large and overwhelming murals were dominant, and photography also became popular. Artists focused on the common man. Classical music became more down to earth. Aaron Coplands Fanfare best exemplifies th is for the common man. In the 1930s, high culture influenced pop culture. It offered an escape into the high and exotic life. Movie stars like Ginger Rogers, Cary Grant, and Fred Astaire offered an escape from the harshness of life. Jazz was still the popular form of music, but it advanced into Big Bands, jazz orchestras that played in a ballroom while people would dance to them. The bleak economic situation closed the gap between high and pop culture. From the 1920s to the 1930s, foreign policy was the one feature that remained the same in America. In fact, Americas isolation deepened. During the depression, America wanted to encourage its economy. The Hawley-Smoot tariff, the largest tariff ever used by the United States, was passed to encourage people to buy American. In retaliation to the tariff, other countries imposed their own tariffs. The high tariff of American exports actually harmed the economy. In the 1930s America was determined to stay out of any conflicts due to its isolationist policy. This extreme isolation was caused by the depression. The United States looked on as Japan invaded China, Italy invaded Ethiopia, the Fascists took over Spain, and Germanys Nazi Party invaded parts of Eastern Europe. It wasnt until the late 1930s that Franklin D. Roosevelt realized that it was necessary to get out of this policy and get involved. At last, from the 1920s to the 1930s, the economy caused the change and continuity in America. Conservative politics produced the economic boom in the 1920s and lasted the entire decade. Society became very liberal because of the wealth and the large amounts of leisure time. The great divide between low and high culture shows the divide between classes. The desire to keep the boom within America created isolationism from foreign countries. However, the 1930s was a complete 180 degrees or reversal from the 1920s. The political climate became liberal because experimentation was needed to raise the spirits of the people. Society became more conservative because there was no leisure time. Because the poor had no money to experience expensive entertainment, there was less of a difference between high culture and pop culture. The poor and overwhelming majority needed an escape. Isolationism stilled the same because the U.S. thought that they could only fix the depression domestically altho ugh they were wrong. Mainly, from the 1920s to the 1930s, the economic situation caused change and continuity throughout the decade.Words/ Pages : 2,681 / 24

Lee De Forest Essay Example For Students

Lee De Forest Essay Lee De Forest Lee De Forest Lee De Forest was born Aug. 26, 1873, Council Bluffs, Iowa.De Forest was the son of a Congregational minister. His father moved the family to Alabama and there assumed the presidency of the nearly bankrupt Talladega College for Negroes. Excluded by citizens of the white community who resented his fathers efforts to educate blacks, Lee and his brother and sister made friends from among the black children of the town and spent a happy although sternly disciplined childhood in this rural community.(Kraeuter, 74). As a child he was fascinated with machinery and was often excited when hearing of the many technological advances during the late 19th century.He began tinkering and inventing things even in high school, often trying to build things that he could sell for money.By the age of 13 he was an enthusiastic inventor of mechanical gadgets such as a miniature blast furnace and locomotive, and a working silverplating apparatus.(A Science Odyssey: People and Di scoveries). His father had planned for him to follow him in a career in the clergy, but Lee wanted to go to school for science and, in 1893, enrolled at the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale University, one of the few institutions in the United States then offering a first-class scientific education.(Kraeuter, 74).De Forest went on to earn the Ph.D. in physics in 1899, with the help of scholarships, and money his parents made by working odd jobs. By this time he had become interested in electricity, particularly the study of electromagnetic wave propagation, then being pioneered chiefly by the German Heinrich Rudolf Hertz and the Italian Guglielmo Marconi.De Forests doctoral dissertation on the Reflection of Hertzian Waves from the Ends of Parallel Wires is said to possibly be the first doctoral thesis in the United States on the subject that was later to become known as radio. (Kraeuter, 76). His first job was with the Western Electric Company inChicago, where, he began working in the dynamo department, then working his way up to the telephone section and then to the experimental laboratory.While working after-hours on his own, he developed an electrolytic detector of Hertzian waves. (A Science Odyssey: People and Discoveries, 1999).The device was very successful, as was an alternating-current transmitter that he designed. In 1902 he and his financial backers founded the De Forest Wireless Telegraph Company. In 1902, De Forest began giving public demonstrations of wireless telegraphy for businessmen, the press, and the military in an effort to inform and expand its succcess. De Forest invented the Audion, or triode, device in 1906, by inserting a grid into the center of a vacuum tube. Applying voltage to the grid controlled the amount of a second current flowing across the tube. a vacuum tube device that could take a weak electrical signal and amplify it into a larger on e. (A Science Odyssey: People and Discoveries, 1999).In 1913, ATT installed audions to boost voice signals as they crossed the US continent.Soon the audion was being used in radios as well. In 1921, De Forest invented a way of recording sound on movies.He started a company, the De Forest Phonofilm Corporation, but he couldnt convince the film industry to try using sound.Eventually, film makers finally came around several years later, but the Phonofilm Company had folded, so they decided to use an entirely different method.(Kraeuter, 77).(Though some time later movies actually began to use the method De Forest originally proposed.) Lee De Forest was a pioneer in the development of wireless telegraphy, sound pictures, and television. His triode made practicable transcontinental telephony, both wire and wireless, and led to the foundation of the radio industry. He is frequently called the father of radio.(Kraeuter, 75).The first high-powered naval radio stations were designed and insta lled by him Lee De Forest invented the audion. The audion, or triode, at the heart of the vacuum tube is what the transistor was built to replace. The audion helped AT;T set up coast-to-coast phone service, and it was also used in everything from radios to televisions to the first computers. (A Science Odyssey: People and Discoveries, 1999). By the time he died he had over 300 patents, but few of them ever had much success.In fact, De Forest seemed to have a long streak of failures.He was regularly involved in patent lawsuits (indeed, he spent his fortune on legal bills).He went through four marriages, had a number of failed companies, was defrauded by his business partners, and was even once indicted (but later acquitted) for mail fraud. (Kraeuter, 79). With the audion, however, De Forest had a solid success.De Forest has been labeled one of the fathers of the electronic age, since the audion helped start the explosion of electronics earlier this century.American inventor of the A udion vacuum tube, which made live radio broadcasting possible and became the key component of all radio, telephone radar, television, and computer systems before the invention of the transistor in 1947.(Kraeuter, 79).Forest passed away on June 30, 1961 in Hollywood, CA.De Forest wrote an autobiography entitled Father of Radio, but did not get that recognition from the rest of the world. He is remembered as one contributor to an industry that was, truth, the work of many people. (Kraeuter, 79). .ue6ebd9908d430f40534361818939e1a9 , .ue6ebd9908d430f40534361818939e1a9 .postImageUrl , .ue6ebd9908d430f40534361818939e1a9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue6ebd9908d430f40534361818939e1a9 , .ue6ebd9908d430f40534361818939e1a9:hover , .ue6ebd9908d430f40534361818939e1a9:visited , .ue6ebd9908d430f40534361818939e1a9:active { border:0!important; } .ue6ebd9908d430f40534361818939e1a9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue6ebd9908d430f40534361818939e1a9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue6ebd9908d430f40534361818939e1a9:active , .ue6ebd9908d430f40534361818939e1a9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue6ebd9908d430f40534361818939e1a9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue6ebd9908d430f40534361818939e1a9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue6ebd9908d430f40534361818939e1a9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue6ebd9908d430f40534361818939e1a9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue6ebd9908d430f40534361818939e1a9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue6ebd9908d430f40534361818939e1a9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue6ebd9908d430f40534361818939e1a9 .ue6ebd9908d430f40534361818939e1a9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue6ebd9908d430f40534361818939e1a9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Opinion On Death Penalty EssayKraeuter, David W.(1992).Radio and Television Pioneers. New Jersey: The Scarecrow Press, Inc. A Science Odyssey: People and Discoveries. (1999) Online. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/index.html